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Living Archive
Defenders.
An open record of human rights defenders across the Middle East and North Africa. Every entry is a case file — dated, sourced, and kept current.
173
Records on
the open archive
87
Currently held
detained · sentenced · on trial
57
In exile or under
transnational repression
11
In memoriam
killed for their work
The Record
Currently held
HM-DZ-2021-001
Detained
Mustafa Guira
A father of four, Mustafa has spent decades supporting families of the disappeared and prisoners of conscience across Algeria. Arrested in 2021,…
Day 1,870 · since 2021-04-23
HM-TN-2024-004
Detained
Mourad Zghidi
Mourad Zghidi is a Tunisian journalist sentenced in January 2026 to three years and six months in prison on money laundering and…
Day 766 · since 2024-05-01
HM-DZ-2024-002
On trial
Mira Moknache
Mira Moknache is a university professor who joined Algeria's Hirak movement, advocating peacefully for dignity and equal rights. Detained since July 2024…
Day 688 · since 2024-07-18
HM-TN-2024-008
Released
Yadh Bousselmi
A Tunisian defender detained since May 2024. Awaiting full case documentation and editorial review.
Arrested 2024
HM-TN-2024-005
Sentenced
Saadia Mosbah
Saadia Mosbah founded Mnemty, a Tunisian organization that helped secure the country's 2018 anti-racial-discrimination law. She has been held in pretrial detention…
Day 761 · since 2024-05-06
HM-DZ-2025-003
Sentenced
Saad Bouakba
Saad Bouakba is a journalist and author. He was jailed in November 2025 after discussing historical allegations about Algeria's first president in…
Day 191 · since 2025-11-27
HM-BH-2011-004
Imprisoned
Mohammed Habib Al-Muqdad
Mohammed Habib Al-Muqdad is a Bahraini Shia cleric and social activist who supported peaceful calls for reform in 2011. Arrested, disappeared, tortured,…
Medical urgency
Day 5,545 · since 2011-04-01
HM-TN-2024-003
Released
Mohamed Joô
Mohamed Joô has been detained in Tunisia since 13 May 2024. No further details about his background, the circumstances of his arrest,…
Arrested 2024
HM-EG-2019-001
Sentenced
Mohamed Ibrahim (known as “Oxygen”)
Mohamed Ibrahim, known as "Oxygen," is a blogger who chronicled election irregularities and protest arrests in Egypt. He was disappeared for 18…
Hunger strike
Day 2,449 · since 2019-09-22
HM-TN-2026-003
Released
Imen Ouardani
Imen Ouardani, a Tunisian defender whose case is under editorial review. Full details are being verified and will be published once documentation…
Open case file
HM-TN-2024-006
On trial
Salwa Ghrissa
A Tunisian human rights defender working on social inclusion and the right to difference. Arrested in December 2024, held in severely overcrowded…
Day 543 · since 2024-12-10
HM-EG-2026-005
Disappeared
Salah Soltan
Dr. Salah Soltan is a scholar, father of five, and grandfather of five American grandchildren. He has been detained in Egypt for…
Medical urgency
Open case file